Calculadora de Convertidor Elevador (Boost)
Diseña convertidores elevadores conmutados: calcula inductancia, condensador y ciclo de trabajo.
Fórmula
D = 1 - V_in/(V_out×η), L = V_in×D/(ΔI_L×f_sw)
Referencia: Erickson & Maksimovic, "Fundamentals of Power Electronics" 3rd ed.
Cómo Funciona
A boost (step-up) DC-DC converter is a switching power converter topology that increases input voltage to a higher output voltage. It operates by storing energy in an inductor during the switch's on-time and releasing that energy to the output during the off-time. The fundamental principle relies on the inductor's ability to maintain current flow when the switching element opens, creating a voltage higher than the input. Key design parameters include switching frequency, duty cycle, and component selection to ensure efficient power transfer and minimal voltage/current ripple.
Ejemplo Resuelto
Consider a design with Vin = 5V, Vout = 12V, Iout = 2A, fsw = 100kHz, ripple = 5%. First, calculate duty cycle using D = 1 - (Vin/Vout) = 1 - (5/12) ≈ 0.58. For inductor calculation, use L = (Vin * (1-D)) / (fsw * ΔIL), where ΔIL is peak-to-peak current ripple. With 5% ripple, peak-to-peak current is 2A * 0.05 = 0.1A. Calculating L yields approximately 138μH. Output capacitor selection would require ESR and ripple voltage considerations, typically in the 100-470μF range.
Consejos Prácticos
- ✓Use low-ESR capacitors for better performance
- ✓Select components with sufficient voltage/current margins
- ✓Implement proper PCB layout with short trace lengths
Errores Comunes
- ✗Neglecting inductor saturation current
- ✗Overlooking switch and diode power losses
- ✗Improper thermal management
- ✗Ignoring electromagnetic interference considerations
Preguntas Frecuentes
What determines boost converter efficiency?
Efficiency depends on switch quality, component losses, and operating conditions. Typical efficiency ranges from 85-95% for well-designed converters.
How do I choose the right switching frequency?
Higher frequencies allow smaller inductors but increase switching losses. Typically 100kHz-500kHz works well for most applications.
Can a boost converter handle wide input voltage ranges?
Modern boost converters can handle 2:1 to 10:1 input variations with proper design and feedback control.
What causes boost converter instability?
Poor compensation, inadequate feedback loop design, and component tolerances can lead to oscillations or unpredictable behavior.
How do I protect against overcurrent?
Implement current-limit circuitry, use current-sense resistors, and design with proper protection mechanisms like hiccup mode.
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