Calculadora de Pérdida de Trayecto en Espacio Libre
Calcula la pérdida de propagación en espacio libre (FSPL) entre antenas transmisora y receptora.
Fórmula
FSPL(dB) = 20·log₁₀(4πdf/c)
Cómo Funciona
Free-Space Path Loss (FSPL) is a fundamental concept in radio frequency (RF) propagation that describes how electromagnetic signals lose power as they travel through free space. The phenomenon occurs due to the spherical spreading of radio waves, which causes signal energy to disperse over an increasing surface area as distance increases. The path loss is directly proportional to the square of the distance and the frequency of the signal, following an inverse square law relationship.
Ejemplo Resuelto
Given: Frequency = 2.4 GHz, Distance = 10 kilometers Free-Space Path Loss Formula: FSPL (dB) = 20 log10(d) + 20 log10(f) + 32.44 Calculation steps: 1. Calculate 20 log10(distance): 20 * log10(10) = 20 * 1 = 20 dB 2. Calculate 20 log10(frequency): 20 * log10(2400) = 20 * 3.38 = 67.6 dB 3. Add constant: 20 dB + 67.6 dB + 32.44 = 120.04 dB Result: Free-Space Path Loss = 120.04 dB
Consejos Prácticos
- ✓Always consider antenna gains when calculating total signal loss
- ✓Use accurate frequency and distance measurements for precise calculations
- ✓Remember that real-world environments introduce additional attenuation beyond free-space loss
- ✓Account for terrain and obstacles when designing RF communication systems
Errores Comunes
- ✗Forgetting to convert frequency to MHz in some calculation variants
- ✗Not accounting for additional propagation losses
- ✗Using incorrect units in distance and frequency measurements
- ✗Neglecting antenna characteristics in comprehensive signal budget analysis
Preguntas Frecuentes
What is free-space path loss?
Free-space path loss is the reduction in power density of an electromagnetic wave as it propagates through space, caused by the natural spreading of the wave's energy over an increasing area.
How does frequency affect path loss?
Higher frequencies experience greater path loss, meaning signal strength decreases more rapidly with distance compared to lower frequency signals.
Is free-space path loss the same in all environments?
No, free-space path loss assumes perfect vacuum conditions. Real-world environments introduce additional losses from obstacles, atmospheric conditions, and terrain.
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