Calculadora de Antena de Bocina
Calcula las dimensiones, ganancia y ancho de haz de antenas de bocina piramidal y sectorial.
Fórmula
G = 10·log₁₀(4π·η·A/λ²)
Cómo Funciona
Horn antennas are waveguide-fed directional antennas characterized by their distinctive flared shape that gradually expands from a narrow input to a wider aperture. The gain of a horn antenna is fundamentally determined by its physical geometry, specifically the dimensions of its aperture and the wavelength of the operating frequency. As the antenna's mouth size increases relative to the wavelength, the directivity and gain improve, making horn antennas essential in microwave and millimeter-wave communication systems.
Ejemplo Resuelto
Consider a standard pyramidal horn antenna with the following specifications: waveguide width (a) = 22.86 mm, waveguide height (b) = 10.16 mm, horn length = 50 mm, and operating frequency = 10 GHz. Using the standard gain formula: Gain (dBi) = 10 * log10[(η * π * a * b) / (λ^2)], where η is the aperture efficiency (typically 0.55-0.7), and λ is the wavelength. Calculating λ = 0.03 m, a = 0.02286 m, b = 0.01016 m, and using η = 0.6, the calculation yields approximately 17.4 dBi gain.
Consejos Prácticos
- ✓Always match the horn antenna's dimensions to the desired frequency range
- ✓Higher gain requires larger aperture dimensions
- ✓Consider waveguide material and surface precision for optimal performance
- ✓Use proper impedance matching techniques to minimize reflection losses
Errores Comunes
- ✗Neglecting waveguide mode compatibility
- ✗Ignoring aperture efficiency in gain calculations
- ✗Using incorrect wavelength measurements
- ✗Not accounting for feed point impedance
Preguntas Frecuentes
What determines horn antenna gain?
Gain is primarily influenced by aperture size, frequency, and aperture efficiency
How does horn antenna gain differ from other antenna types?
Horn antennas typically offer higher directivity and gain compared to simple dipole or patch antennas
Can horn antenna gain be improved?
Yes, by increasing aperture size, improving surface precision, and optimizing feed design
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