Calculadora de Convertidor Reductor (Buck)

Buck converters are a fundamental topology in switch-mode power supply design, allowing efficient DC voltage step-down through pulse width modulation (PWM). The core principle involves switching a high-side MOSFET at high frequency, effectively 'chopping' the input voltage to create a lower average output voltage. During the switch's on-time, energy is transferred to the inductor, which acts as an energy storage element. The key design parameters include duty cycle (D), which determines the voltage reduction, switching frequency (fsw), and the inductor and capacitor values that control output voltage ripple and current fluctuation. The converter's efficiency stems from the near-lossless switching of power MOSFETs and minimal resistive losses in the magnetic and capacitive components. Key design considerations include selecting components with appropriate voltage and current ratings, managing switching losses, and ensuring stable feedback control to maintain consistent output voltage under varying load conditions.