Abschnitte der Dokumentation

Anstieg der PCB-Spurentemperatur

POSThttps://rftools.io/api/py/v1/calculate

Slug pcb-trace-temp. Berechnen Sie den Temperaturanstieg von PCB-Kupferleitern unter Laststrom mit der Näherung nach IPC-2221 für Außenlagen. Leiterbreite, Dicke und Strom eingeben, um ΔT über Umgebungstemperatur zu erhalten. Kostenlos, sofortige Ergebnisse.

Eingaben

Senden Sie jede dieser Eingaben in inputs, in den gezeigten Einheiten. Die meisten sind erforderlich: Ein Aufruf, dem eine davon fehlt, wird abgelehnt (400) und kostet nichts; eine, auf die der Rechner verzichten kann, erhält den gezeigten Standardwert. Eine Eingabe außerhalb ihres Bereichs wird trotzdem berechnet und in der Provenienz markiert.

Eingaben von pcb-trace-temp
Name	Einheit	Bereich	Standardwert	Beschreibung
currentZahl	A	mindestens 0	3	Strom
traceWidthZahl	mm	mindestens 0.1	2	Leiterbahnbreite
copperWeightZahl	oz	mindestens 0.5	1	Kupferstärke
ambientTempZahl	°C	beliebig	25	Umgebungstemperatur
traceLengthZahl	mm	mindestens 1	100	Leiterbahnlänge
boardThicknessZahl	mm	0.2 … 6	1.6	Die Dicke der ganzen Leiterplatte. Nur der Anstieg für diese Leiterplatte (thermisches Modell von rftools) verwendet sie; das Modell ist von 1,4 bis 3,2 mm validiert
planeDistanceZahl	mm	0 … 6	0	Das Dielektrikum zwischen der Leiterbahn und der nächsten durchgehenden Kupferfläche darunter; 0 bedeutet keine Kupferfläche. Nur der Anstieg für diese Leiterplatte verwendet es
planeCopperWeightZahl	oz	0.5 … 2	0.5	Das Kupfergewicht dieser Kupferfläche (35 µm pro Unze). Nur der Anstieg für diese Leiterplatte verwendet es, und nur, wenn eine Kupferfläche vorhanden ist
isExternalZahl	keine	0 … 1	1	Ändert nur den Anstieg für diese Leiterplatte; der IPC-2221-Anstieg ist immer Diagramm A, außen, und Abbildung 5-1 ist auf jeder Lage gleichEiner von: 1 Außenlage · 0 Innenlage
laminateZahl	keine	0 … 3	0	Das Laminat und die gesamte Dielektrikumsdicke der Leiterplatte, die zusammen die maximale Betriebstemperatur festlegenEiner von: 0 FR-4, ≥ 0,4 mm · 1 FR-4, 0,1–0,4 mm · 2 Polyimid, ≥ 1,6 mm · 3 Polyimid, 0,1–1,6 mm
standardZahl	keine	0 … 1	0	Das Diagramm, aus dem die Erwärmung abgelesen wird: die Außenlagenkurve aus IPC-2221A, wie bei Temperaturerhöhung, oder das konservative Diagramm aus IPC-2152. In beiden Fällen ist der Grenzwert die maximale Betriebstemperatur des Laminats abzüglich der Umgebungstemperatur.Einer von: 0 IPC-2221A Abb. 6-4 · 1 IPC-2152 Abb. 5-1

Ausgaben

Zurückgegeben in values, nach Namen. Ein Wert, der unbegrenzt oder nicht definiert ist, ist null.

Ausgaben von pcb-trace-temp
Feld	Einheit	Beschreibung
tempRiseHauptwert	°C	Temperaturanstieg (IPC-2221)
maxTemp	°C	Maximale Leiterbahntemperatur (IPC-2221)
traceResistance	mΩ	Leiterbahnwiderstand
powerDissipated	mW	Verlustleistung
currentCapacity	A	Strombelastbarkeit (IPC-2221, ΔT=10°C)
tempRise2152	°C	Temperaturanstieg (IPC-2152 Abb. 5-1)
maxTemp2152	°C	Maximale Leiterbahntemperatur (IPC-2152 Abb. 5-1)
inChartRange	keine	Im Bereich von IPC-2152 Abb. 5-1
tempRiseBoard	°C	Temperaturanstieg (diese Leiterplatte, thermisches Modell)
maxTempBoard	°C	Maximale Leiterbahntemperatur (diese Leiterplatte, thermisches Modell)
inModelRange	keine	Im Bereich des thermischen Modells
chartRise	°C	Temperaturerhöhung laut Diagramm
limitRise	°C	Zulässige Temperaturerhöhung
limitPercent	%	Prozent des Grenzwerts
minTraceWidth	mm	Konforme Breite
maxCurrent	A	Konformer Strom

Aufruf

Berechnen: ein Aufruf, Anfrage und Antwort vollständig, und seine Fehler.
Batch: dieser Rechner zusammen mit anderen oder ein Sweep, in einer Anfrage.
Nach einem Zielwert auflösen: der Wert einer Eingabe, der eine Ausgabe auf einen Zielwert bringt.

curl -X POST https://rftools.io/api/py/v1/calculate \
  -H "X-API-Key: $RFTOOLS_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "slug": "pcb-trace-temp",
    "inputs": {
      "current": 3,
      "traceWidth": 2,
      "copperWeight": 1,
      "ambientTemp": 25,
      "traceLength": 100,
      "boardThickness": 1.6,
      "planeDistance": 0,
      "planeCopperWeight": 0.5,
      "isExternal": 1,
      "laminate": 0,
      "standard": 0
    }
  }'

import rftools

client = rftools.Client()  # reads RFTOOLS_API_KEY, or the key `rftools login` saved

result = client.calculate("pcb-trace-temp", {
    "current": 3,
    "traceWidth": 2,
    "copperWeight": 1,
    "ambientTemp": 25,
    "traceLength": 100,
    "boardThickness": 1.6,
    "planeDistance": 0,
    "planeCopperWeight": 0.5,
    "isExternal": 1,
    "laminate": 0,
    "standard": 0,
})
print(result.values)
print(result.warnings, result.provenance.formula_ref)

const response = await fetch("https://rftools.io/api/py/v1/calculate", {
  method: "POST",
  headers: {
    "X-API-Key": process.env.RFTOOLS_API_KEY,
    "Content-Type": "application/json",
  },
  body: JSON.stringify({
    "slug": "pcb-trace-temp",
    "inputs": {
      "current": 3,
      "traceWidth": 2,
      "copperWeight": 1,
      "ambientTemp": 25,
      "traceLength": 100,
      "boardThickness": 1.6,
      "planeDistance": 0,
      "planeCopperWeight": 0.5,
      "isExternal": 1,
      "laminate": 0,
      "standard": 0
    }
  }),
});
console.log(response.status, await response.json());

package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
	"os"
)

func main() {
	body := []byte(`{
	  "slug": "pcb-trace-temp",
	  "inputs": {
	    "current": 3,
	    "traceWidth": 2,
	    "copperWeight": 1,
	    "ambientTemp": 25,
	    "traceLength": 100,
	    "boardThickness": 1.6,
	    "planeDistance": 0,
	    "planeCopperWeight": 0.5,
	    "isExternal": 1,
	    "laminate": 0,
	    "standard": 0
	  }
	}`)
	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://rftools.io/api/py/v1/calculate", bytes.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	req.Header.Set("X-API-Key", os.Getenv("RFTOOLS_API_KEY"))
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	res, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	defer res.Body.Close()
	out, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
	fmt.Println(res.Status, string(out))
}

application/json

{
  "slug": "pcb-trace-temp",
  "values": {
    "tempRise": 5.342104787621994,
    "maxTemp": 30.342104787621995,
    "traceResistance": 24.63054187192118,
    "powerDissipated": 221.67487684729062,
    "currentCapacity": 3.953008949362809,
    "chartRise": 5.342104787621994,
    "limitRise": 105,
    "limitPercent": 5.0877188453542805,
    "minTraceWidth": 0.3281129167384957,
    "maxCurrent": 11.12374665416563,
    "tempRise2152": 25.814961619314374,
    "maxTemp2152": 50.814961619314374,
    "inChartRange": 1,
    "tempRiseBoard": 10.281805774783722,
    "maxTempBoard": 35.28180577478372,
    "inModelRange": 1
  },
  "warnings": [],
  "errors": [],
  "provenance": {
    "method": "calculator:pcb-trace-temp",
    "version": "api@3f2c1a9b04de",
    "formulaRef": "IPC-2221A (May 2003) §6.2, Figure 6-4, chart A (the chart of IPC-2221, February 1998), through its published fit; IPC-2152 (August 2009) §5, Figure 5-1; the board-specific rise: rftools thermal model (board-specific), fitted to its own 2-D solver and checked against Brooks & Adam (2015), Jouppi (2010) and Olson (2010)",
    "assumptions": [
      {
        "code": "ipc-2221-external-fit",
        "text": "The IPC-2221 rise is IPC-2221 Figure 6-4 chart A, the external-layer chart, through its published fit with k = 0.048; chart A draws 10 to 100 °C up to 700 sq mil, and the internal-layer chart is not applied to this rise."
      },
      {
        "code": "ipc-2152-figure-5-1",
        "text": "The IPC-2152 rise is read on IPC-2152 Figure 5-1, the chart IPC-2152 recommends for internal and external conductors in all environments, through the same fit with k = 0.024 on either layer; IPC-2152’s corrections for board thickness and a nearby copper plane are not applied."
      },
      {
        "code": "copper-weight",
        "text": "Copper is 35 µm thick per ounce, and the trace cross-section is a rectangle of that thickness."
      },
      {
        "code": "resistance-at-20c",
        "text": "The trace resistance and power use ρ = 1/58 Ω·mm²/m (IEC 60028, 1.7241×10⁻⁸ Ω·m) at 20 °C, not corrected for the trace’s temperature."
      },
      {
        "code": "thermal-model-own-method",
        "text": "The board-specific rise is the rftools thermal model (board-specific): the site's own steady-state model of a long trace on an FR-4 board in still air, with an optional copper plane under it. It is not IPC-2152 and does not read IPC-2152's charts; it is a closed form fitted to a committed 2-D solver, which is checked against published results (Brooks & Adam 2015; Jouppi 2010; Olson 2010)."
      },
      {
        "code": "thermal-model-fr4",
        "text": "The laminate is FR-4, conducting 0.8 W/(m·K) in the plane of the board and 0.3 W/(m·K) through it (Graebner 1995; Azar & Graebner 1996). A laminate that conducts less runs hotter."
      },
      {
        "code": "thermal-model-still-air",
        "text": "The board is horizontal, in still air at sea level. Its faces lose heat by natural convection (the McAdams horizontal-plate correlations, over the 51.2 mm length of the IPC-TM-650 2.5.4.1A test board) and by radiation, with an emissivity of 0.9 for the laminate and 0.1 for the bare copper trace. Forced air, an enclosure and other orientations are not modelled."
      },
      {
        "code": "thermal-model-long-trace",
        "text": "The trace is long and alone. Heat drawn off through pads, vias and leads at its ends, and heat from neighbouring traces and components, are not modelled; a short trace with heat-sunk ends runs cooler."
      },
      {
        "code": "thermal-model-plane",
        "text": "An internal trace lies at the middle of the board's thickness. A plane is one solid copper layer under the trace, across a 76.2 mm (3 in) wide board, the stated distance of dielectric below the trace. A plane above the trace, a second plane, or a plane cut away under the trace is not modelled."
      },
      {
        "code": "thermal-model-margin",
        "text": "The board-specific rise includes a 15 % margin for the model's measured disagreement with published data: it is 1.15 times the model's rise."
      },
      {
        "code": "thermal-model-heat",
        "text": "The model's Joule heat uses the copper resistivity of IPC-TM-650 2.5.4.1A, 10.827 Ω·cmil/ft at 25 °C for 1 oz and heavier copper and 11.529 Ω·cmil/ft for lighter, rising 0.393 % per °C. The resistance and power outputs keep 1/58 Ω·mm²/m."
      },
      {
        "code": "thermal-model-ambient",
        "text": "The board-specific rise is computed at the ambient entered: it sets the air’s properties, the radiation and the copper’s resistivity, so a hotter ambient gives a somewhat larger rise."
      },
      {
        "code": "thermal-model-range",
        "text": "Outside the model's validated range (Width 0.25–5.1 mm (internal from 1.27 mm), copper ½–3 oz, board 1.4–3.2 mm, a plane from 0.1 mm under the trace to where it fits, plane copper ½–2 oz, rise 5–100 °C, ambient 0–85 °C) the board-specific rise is still reported, flagged with a warning naming the bound. On boards thinner than 1.4 mm, IPC-2152's published thickness data show traces running hotter than the model predicts, so the IPC-2152 Figure 5-1 rise is the one to use there."
      }
    ],
    "validRange": {
      "status": "inside",
      "bounds": {
        "current": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": null,
          "unit": "A"
        },
        "traceWidth": {
          "min": 0.1,
          "max": null,
          "unit": "mm"
        },
        "copperWeight": {
          "min": 0.5,
          "max": null,
          "unit": "oz"
        },
        "ambientTemp": {
          "min": null,
          "max": null,
          "unit": "°C"
        },
        "traceLength": {
          "min": 1,
          "max": null,
          "unit": "mm"
        },
        "boardThickness": {
          "min": 0.2,
          "max": 6,
          "unit": "mm"
        },
        "planeDistance": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": 6,
          "unit": "mm"
        },
        "planeCopperWeight": {
          "min": 0.5,
          "max": 2,
          "unit": "oz"
        },
        "isExternal": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": 1,
          "unit": ""
        },
        "laminate": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": 3,
          "unit": ""
        },
        "standard": {
          "min": 0,
          "max": 1,
          "unit": ""
        }
      },
      "outside": [],
      "model": {
        "description": "IPC-2152 Figure 5-1 through I = 0.024·ΔT^0.44·A^0.725, checked against IPC-2221 (1998) Figure 6-4 chart C (the same chart) at 10 to 45 °C and up to 700 sq mil: the rise is within −5.7 % to +7.3 % of 12 chart readings, and 18 % low at 10 °C and 700 sq mil",
        "worstCaseError": 0.18,
        "inside": true
      },
      "models": [
        {
          "description": "IPC-2152 Figure 5-1 through I = 0.024·ΔT^0.44·A^0.725, checked against IPC-2221 (1998) Figure 6-4 chart C (the same chart) at 10 to 45 °C and up to 700 sq mil: the rise is within −5.7 % to +7.3 % of 12 chart readings, and 18 % low at 10 °C and 700 sq mil",
          "worstCaseError": 0.18,
          "inside": true
        },
        {
          "description": "rftools thermal model (board-specific), a closed-form thermal network fitted to rftools' own committed 2-D solver of the trace's cross-section: Width 0.25–5.1 mm (internal from 1.27 mm), copper ½–3 oz, board 1.4–3.2 mm, a plane from 0.1 mm under the trace to where it fits, plane copper ½–2 oz, rise 5–100 °C, ambient 0–85 °C (the rise before the margin). Inside that range its rise is within 2.81 % of 3,168 solver results",
          "worstCaseError": 0.029,
          "inside": true
        }
      ]
    },
    "computedAt": "2026-09-24T14:05:11.003Z",
    "inputs": {
      "current": 3,
      "traceWidth": 2,
      "copperWeight": 1,
      "ambientTemp": 25,
      "traceLength": 100,
      "boardThickness": 1.6,
      "planeDistance": 0,
      "planeCopperWeight": 0.5,
      "isExternal": 1,
      "laminate": 0,
      "standard": 0
    },
    "seed": null,
    "elapsedSeconds": 0.003
  }
}

{
  "detail": [
    {
      "type": "float_parsing",
      "loc": [
        "body",
        "inputs",
        "current"
      ],
      "msg": "Input should be a valid number, unable to parse string as a number",
      "input": "abc"
    }
  ]
}

Eine als Text gesendete Eingabe. Es wurde nichts gezählt.

{
  "detail": "More than 120 requests in 60 seconds from this address.",
  "errorKind": "rate_limited",
  "limit": 120,
  "windowSeconds": 60,
  "upgradeUrl": "https://rftools.io/pricing/"
}

Zu viele Anfragen in einer Minute, mit Retry-After.

Dieselben Eingaben auf der RechnerseiteAnstieg der PCB-Spurentemperatur, mit diesen Werten